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In order to determine whether fascism is confined to being a historical phenomenon of the 1930's and 40's or if it can exist in our contemporary times, the term fascism must first be defined. According to Stanley Payne, fascism is a "form of revolutionary ultranationalism for national rebirth that is based on a primary vitalist philosophy, is structured on a extreme elitism, mass mobilization and the fuhrerprinzip [leadership values], positively values violence as end as well as a means and tends to normalize war and/or the military virtues." Payne adds that this definition might only describe "interwar European fascist movements and not to a presumed category of fascist regimes or systems." Despite his supplementary explanation, the goals and ideology of fascism are quite clear: to regenerate and revive a "modern, self-determined, secular culture" with economic corporatism that is anti-liberal, anti-communist and hostile to cultural pluralism and social division.

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