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Carbohydrates

These include monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides.

Carbohydrates contain Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen.

H : 0
2 : 1 ratio

Therefore, twice as many Hydrogen atoms as Oxygen atoms.

Monosaccharides

Have low molar mass (molecular mass) and they usually have 3, 5 or 6 carbon atoms.

TRIOSES C3H6O3 e.g. glyceraldehyde - Krebs cycle in respiration

PENTOSES C5H10O5 e.g. ribose, in DNA/RNA, photosynthesis

HEXOSES C6H12O6 e.g. glucose, fructose - respiration, photosynthesis

Properties of Monosaccharides

1. Sweet taste.

2. Small and soluble (OH groups are polar making the sugar soluble).

3. As solids they are crystalline (crystal form)
(due to polar OH groups)

4. When they are oxidised a lot of energy is released.
e.g. for glucose, energy content = 2880 kJ mole-1 (mole-1 means per mole).
Therefore get energy from sugar.

There are two functional groups in a monosaccharide.

( Functional groups =......

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Approximate Pages: 4 (250 words per double-spaced page)

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