Vortices And Propulsion
VORTICES AND PROPULSION
Raúl Arellano
Universidad de Granada (Spain)
A review of the general theory of swimming propulsion is presented relating this
with knowledge about vortices in steady and unsteady flow conditions. Three
methods of flow visualisation have been used in the experiments: a) injecting air
bubbles close to big toe during undulatory underwater swimming and breaststroke
kick; b) putting reflective particles in water to see hand short movements and; c)
injection of air bubbles in the swimming pool creating a "bubble wall", making it
possible for the swimmer to cross and to swim along it. The results of the
experiments showed that: a) vortices are generated during different phases of the
stroke and during the downward kick in undulatory swimming, flutter kick and
breaststroke kick; b) when the hand suddenly changes the direction of its
movement the starting vortex is detached from the hand and; c) the size and
movement characteristics of the vortex seem......
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Approximate Word Count: 537
Approximate Pages: 3 (250 words per double-spaced page)
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