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2.1 How Different Cultures Have Different Moral Codes
• Observed fact: different cultures have different moral codes
o different things taboos and obligatory
o even opposing things as the Darius anecdote illustrates
 among the Greeks
 one is morally obliged to cremate the dead
 one is morally forbidden to eat them
 among the Callatians
 one is morally obliged to eat the dead
 one is morally forbidden to burn them
2.2 Cultural Relativism
• Relativist Conclusion drawn from facts like these
o There is no objective (absolute universal) morality -- no morality per se; rather just
 Ancient Greek morality
 Callatian morality
 traditional Eskimo morality
 modern American morality (such as it is . . . )
 etc.
o "X is Good" is an incomplete expression meaning
 "X is good in culture Y" or
 "in our culture we approve of X"
o Morality differs in every society and is a convenient term for socially approved habits. (Ruth Benedict)......

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