Neuropeptide Y
Neuropeptide Y is the pivotal hormone in the regulation of food intake and energy balance – Discuss.
1. Neuropeptide Y and the hypothalamus
Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is the most profoundly orexigenic compound identified to date [1]. It is abundantly expressed in several central nervous system regions, including the hypothalamus [2, 3]. The hypothalamus is the focus of many peripheral signals and neural pathways that control energy homeostasis and body weight. Neuropeptide Y was first reported as a peptide abundant in brain tissue in 1982 [4], and has since been extensively implicated as a pivotal component of neurocircuitry subserving energy balance. During the period since its isolation, emphasis has moved away from clear cut and perhaps oversimplified anatomical divisions of feeding and satiety centres toward a description of the specific neurotransmitters that modulate feeding behaviour and energy expenditure.
1.1 NPY and its receptors
NPY exerts most of its biological......
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