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Two approaches for assessing arguments:
- Fallacies approach: identify all the specific fallacies (mistakes) that an argument can make and then ask whether a given argument commits any of these fallacies. If it commits none of them, it will be a good argument, and if it commits one or more of them, it will be a bad argument.

- Criterial approach: appeal to the criteria, or standards, that a good argument must satisfy and ask whether a given argument meets these criteria. If it meets them all, it will be a good argument, and if it fails to meet one or more of them, it will be a bad argument.

Fallacy = any error or weakness that detracts from the soundness of an argument, yet somehow manages to disguise this weakness so as to give the argument the appearance of being better than it really is.
Ex. Jane is a widow with three teenage children living in a two-bedroom basement apartment.
Therefore, her employer should promote her to supervisor.


Chp. 6

Begging the......

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