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The product of either ethylene hydration or brewing is an ethanol-water mixture. For most industrial and fuel uses, the ethanol must be purified. Fractional distillation can concentrate ethanol to 95.6% by weight (89.5 mole%). The mixture of 95.6% ethanol and 4.4% water (percentage by weight) is an azeotrope with a boiling point of 78.2 °C, and cannot be further purified by distillation. Because of the difficulty of further purification, 95% ethanol/5% water is a fairly common solvent. There are several methods used to further purify ethanol beyond 95.6%:

Contents [hide]
1 Drying using lime or a salt
2 Addition of an entrainer
3 Molecular sieves
4 Membranes
5 Pressure Reduction
6 References



[edit] Drying using lime or a salt
After distillation ethanol can be further purified by "drying" it using lime (calcium oxide) or using a hygroscopic material such as rocksalt. When lime is mixed with the water in ethanol, calcium hydroxide forms. The calcium hydroxide......

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Approximate Word Count: 706
Approximate Pages: 3 (250 words per double-spaced page)

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