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In physics, a quark (pronounced /kwÉ"rk/ or /kwɑrk/) is a type of subatomic particle.[1] In technical terms, quarks are elementary fermions which engage in the strong interaction due to their color charge.[2] Because of a phenomenon known as color confinement, quarks are never found on their own in nature: they are always bound together in composite particles named hadrons.[3] The most common hadrons are the proton and the neutrons that compose atomic nuclei.

There are six different types of quarks, known as flavors: up (symbol: u), down (d), charm (c), strange (s), top (t), and bottom (b).[4] The lightest flavors, the up quark and the down quark, are generally stable and are very common in the universe, as they are found in protons and neutrons and are one of the primary building blocks of matter. The more massive charm, strange, top and bottom quarks are unstable and rapidly decay; these can only be produced under high energy conditions, such as in particle accelerators and......

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