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Florida Reading First Guidance to LEA’s: Sections B and C
Components of Effective Reading Programs
B-1. What are the essential components of reading instruction?
Scientifically based reading research has identified five essential components of effective reading instruction. Explicit and systematic instruction must be provided in these five areas:
1. Phonemic Awareness – The ability to hear, identify and manipulate the individual sounds –phonemes – in spoken words. Phonemic awareness is the understanding that the sounds of spoken language work together to make words.
2. Phonics – The understanding that there is a predictable relationship between phonemes – the sounds of spoken language – and graphemes – the letters and spellings that represent those sounds in written language. Readers use these relationships to recognize familiar words accurately and automatically and to decode unfamiliar words.
3. Vocabulary Development – Development of stored information......

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