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The history of animal testing can be traced back to the ancient Greeks and Romans, but it transitioned from relatively uncommon to mainstream during the 18th and 19th Centuries. People began pushing for regulations of animal testing practices in Great Britain and the United States in the 1800s.

This public awareness and advocacy grew out of a variety of social forces in Europe. One of those was late 18th Century arguments about the moral significance of animal suffering by Jeremy Bentham, an English jurist, philosopher, and legal and social reformer. Another factor in the public awareness of animal testing was the impact of Charles Darwin's On the Origin of Species, which challenged the view that humans were at the center of the universe. Society's elite began to worry about cruel animal testing. In the late 1800s, animal research controls were passing in Great Britain, but several attempts to pass similar animal testing legislation in the United States failed.

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