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4.1 Part 1

5. A. The reference class is German shepherd, because it is what the individual is relying on. The attribute class is Easy to train.

B. This arguments strength lies in the fact that its premise is true, therefore, its conclusion is very close to 100 percent true. This argument also passes the rule of total evidence.

7.
3 percent of cigarette smokers actually die from lung cancer
I smoke
________________________________________________
My smoking won't result in my death from lung cancer.

A. The reference class for this argument is smoking. The attribute class is lung cancer. This argument does not pass the rule of total evidence, because we are not fully informed of what else could cause "him" to actually die from lung cancer. For example we don't know of his family history, etc.

PART 2

3. Hardly any Independents receive enough votes to win.
A candidate is considering running as an independent.......

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Approximate Word Count: 2509
Approximate Pages: 11 (250 words per double-spaced page)

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