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Modernization Movements in Russia After 1854

Step One

Most people will agree that modernization in Russia started in the year 1854. But, before looking at these movements we must first look at the motivation and background of modernization. There are several theories on why the Russian state finally decided to reform. Some historians believe that there was a surge of "liberal humanitarian ideas within the higher ranks of state and society" (Freeze 170); these of course being Western ideas and culture. Other historians emphasize the economic factor: serfdom was becoming inefficient, estates were becoming less productive, and debts were growing.
These factors may have played a role in leading Russia toward reform and modernization, but they weren't as significant as the Crimean War. This war was a complete military embarrassment for Russia. This just hardened the determination of Czar Alexander II, who was known as "the Czar Liberator" (Mosse 9). He was now more......

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Approximate Word Count: 864
Approximate Pages: 4 (250 words per double-spaced page)

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