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1. Introduction
Information theory is the mathematical theory of data communication and
storage generally considered to have been founded in 1948 by Claude E.
Shannon. The central paradigm of classic information theory is the
engineering problem of the transmission of information over a noisy channel.
The main result of this theory is Shannon's noisy-channel coding theorem,
which states that reliable communication is possible over unreliable channels. It
is possible to surround a noisy channel with appropriate encoding and
decoding systems, such that messages can be communicated at any rate less
than (but arbitrarily close to) the channel capacity with an arbitrarily small
probability of error.
Information theory in the 1950s was sometimes classified as a branch of the
then voguish field called "cybernetics", which included many aspects of
potential machine representation of the world; it is a broad and deep
mathematical theory, with equally broad and deep......

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