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From the mid-13th to 14th century the interaction of the Gothic, Byzantine, and antique Roman art, in the work of many outstanding individuals , created a recognizably national culture in Italy (Barasch 14). In his frescoes and panel paintings, Giotto di Bondone revolutionized Italian art, developing a naturalism and drama that marks the first signs of the Renaissance (Marx). Though many artists were influenced by Giotto, such as Bernardo Daddi, his advances were not fully developed for a century. At the same time, during the first half of the century, Simone Martini was able to revolutionize the style of Siena, which was a blend of Byzantine and International Gothic (Paccagnini 8). After the Black Death of the mid-14th century, which brought about a deepening of religious feeling, it was the International Gothic style of Siena and Lombardy that gained ascendancy over the more monumental, Giotto-inspired, styles of Tuscany like the work of Orcagna (Norman 12).
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Approximate Pages: 7 (250 words per double-spaced page)

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