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1) What was meant by the term "the earths heat budget" (5)

The Earth's Heat Budget
Solar Insolation - The primary source of energy to drive our global climate system (including atmospheric and, to a lesser extent, oceanic circulation) is the heat we receive from the Sun, termed solar insolation. The spectrum of light which comes from the Sun is shown above. The spectrum of light in the atmosphere and at the Earth's surface is shown below.
Insolation arrives at the edge of our atmosphere primarily as short wavelength radiation (179 kcal/cm2/yr).
The amount of insolation which reaches the Earth's surface depends on site latitude and season. Imagine a disk in front of the Earth that is just big enough to shield all solar radiation from the Earth. Each square meter of the disk surface will receive the same amount of insolation. Regions of the Earth's surface near the equator are almost parallel to the disk and will receive about the same amount of insolation/m2 if we remove the......

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