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Test Anxiety is defined by Kondo (1996) as a double situation specific personality trait, consisting of two psychological components; emotional arousal and worry. Several studies have focused on test anxiety, as it is associated with lower test results and a higher amount of stress, so has attracted attention from researchers and teachers (Hembree 1998; Sarason and Sarason 1990) as cited in Kondo (1996). Most of the focus has been to reduce test anxiety by investigating the cognitive, affective and behavioural approaches. Kondo (1996) illustrates that those who take a cognitive approach to reduce test anxiety believe thinking disturbances are the main cause of the test anxiety and thus therapies for this includes cognitive reconstructuring and emotional therapy for the patient. However, the affective approach focuses on trying to reduce the negative association of examinations and anxiety as well as curing this by relaxation training and bio-feedback. Finally the behavioural......

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Approximate Word Count: 2176
Approximate Pages: 9 (250 words per double-spaced page)

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