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There are currently three main approaches to teaching reading; the bottom-up model, the top-down model and the interactive model. Although both the bottom-up and top-down models have their merits, the interactive model blends the major strategies of them both together to form a more balanced well-rounded approach.

The bottom-up model, which was the sole method of teaching reading through the mid-1980s, places a heavy emphasis on decoding. The belief is that the eye directs the mind, and that reading begins with print and proceeds systematically from letters to words to phrases to sentences to meaning. Since meaning is at the end of the reading process, the reader would need to have their decoding skills down pat in order to comprehend the text. Reading acquisition, therefore, requires the testing and the mastering of a series of word recognition sub-skills. Only by mastering all of these building blocks could the reader finally attain meaningful comprehension of the text.......

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