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The Peloponnesian war was fought between the Athenians and the Spartans in the fifth century. The war was fought on both land and sea; the Spartans on land and the Athenians on sea. The Athenians had the stronger navy and the Spartans the stronger army. Additionally, the Athenians were better prepared financially than their enemies. However, what determined the winner of the war had far less to do with military superiority as it had to do with a secret weapon that decimated one quarter to one third of the Athenian population. During the second year of the war a plague began to attack and kill the Athenian people.
The plague that attacked the Athenians during the Peloponnesian war was endemic in nature in that it primarily effected people residing on the African continent particularly Egypt, Libya Ethiopia and surrounding cities. According to history and Thucydides' account the plague never spread to the rest of the world and thus never reached pandemic proportions.
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