The Haskalah
The Haskalah was a Jewish movement created in response to the Enlightenment of Europe during the 18th and 19th centuries. The spread of the Haskalah had many consequences which are still evident today. The Haskalah spawned changes in Jewish professions and Orthodox Jewry. The followers, or Maskilim, taught Anti-Messianism and Nationalism in hopes of further integrating the Jews into secular society. Also, the Haskalah presented a challenge to adherence to traditional orthopraxy by advocating secular education, linguistic assimilation, reason, and personal accountability.
The Haskalah movement was based on rationality, and "comes from the Hebrew word sekhel meaning reason or intellect." The maskilim promoted the Jews changing their professions, switching from profitable, financial jobs to jobs in crafts or agriculture which required more skill. Though Orthodox Jews were initially against the Haskalah, the schools were nevertheless influenced into teaching general studies......
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