Positive Utiliraianism
Positive and Negative Utilitarianism
Positive utilitarianism attempts to maximise the amount of happiness, pleasure, preferences, etc, as in the maxim, 'The greatest good for the greatest number.'
Therefore, a positive utilitarian will say we should aim simply to increase the happiness of all those affected by our actions.
Negative utilitarianism is the attempt to minimise the amount of misery. An action is right if and only if it produces at least as much good for all affected by the action as any alternative action the agent could do instead. Therefore, a negative utilitarian will say that we should seek to reduce the unhappiness of those affected by our actions. One way of ending human misery is by putting all human beings out of their misery. This course of action is usually considered unacceptable.
Ideal and Hedonistic Utilitarianism
Ideal utilitarianism, like most forms of utilitarianism, is concerned solely with maximising the good. What is......
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