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According to Harold Kittel, "Wieland criticism during the past generation has generally taken a psychological or philosophical tack--either bringing Freudian insights to bear on characters' behavior (particularly Clara's) or examining the ways in which the novel questions Enlightenment assumptions it was formerly thought to dramatize" (Kittel 123). Both approaches have of course served to open the book up nicely, but I would like to look at the novel from a third angle, one that may in fact be closer to Brown's own angle of view--that of literary antecedents or models, specifically Wieland as a Nineteenth-century American re-telling of Shakespeare's Othello, a re-telling that, like Shakespeare's play, depends for its impact on some of the most basic Christian nature metaphors of Genesis. Bayre, among others, has identified Othelloas a possible source for Wieland, but little work has been done on the significance of this background to the interpretation of Brown's tale.[1] I will......

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